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Bridge networking per VM e container

Un bridge di rete collega interfacce fisiche e virtuali sullo stesso segmento L2. Essenziale per dare alle VM un IP nella LAN reale.

1. Installazione

apt install bridge-utils -y

2. Configurazione con Netplan (Ubuntu/Debian)

# /etc/netplan/01-bridge.yaml
network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    enp0s3:
      dhcp4: no
  bridges:
    br0:
      interfaces: [enp0s3]
      addresses: [192.168.1.92/24]
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 192.168.1.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [192.168.1.1, 8.8.8.8]
      parameters:
        stp: false
        forward-delay: 0

3. Applicare

netplan apply

4. Configurazione con /etc/network/interfaces

auto br0
iface br0 inet static
    bridge_ports enp0s3
    address 192.168.1.92
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.1.1
    bridge_stp off
    bridge_fd 0

5. Bridge in Proxmox

Proxmox crea automaticamente vmbr0. Per aggiungere bridge aggiuntivi (es. per VLAN):

auto vmbr1
iface vmbr1 inet static
    address 192.168.20.1/24
    bridge-ports none
    bridge-stp off
    bridge-fd 0

6. Verifica

brctl show
ip addr show br0
bridge link

I bridge sono la base del networking in Proxmox: ogni VM si collega a un bridge per comunicare con la rete.